Table 2 The nomenclature of seasons and the relevant social activities of herders

Torkhumsho

Mid-Jan. to Mid-July

Onset of snow melting; warmer days; grasses sprout; birds and animals move towards higher altitude; rainy days begin at the end

Move herds to higher altitude, collective management of herds by small herders, break up of family, arrange community and household rituals

Markhumsho

Mid-July to Mid Jan.

Heavy rains at the beginning of season that stop later with the sky becoming clear; dewfall; grasses dry up and die; birds and animals move towards lower altitude, onset of snowfall and its climax

Move herds to lower altitude; individual management of herds by small herders, arrange community and household rituals; reunion of family,